隋唐长安城绿化灾厄及其应对

Greening adversity and its solutions for Sui and Tang Chang'an city

对隋唐时期长安城绿化所遭遇的各种灾厄问题,运用相关正史、笔记、游记等史料进行分析。研究发现,对长安城绿化树的破坏和冲击长安城绿化体系的因素既有风暴雨雪、冰冻虫害等自然灾害,又有战争离乱、肆意妄为等人为损坏;在应对方面:负有绿化和维护专责的有虞部郎中、京兆尹、司农寺上林署、京都苑总监、四面监、左右监使、金吾卫等部门;"有司"和有识之士通过对长安城绿化树种选择的讨论,主要集中在槐树、榆树、柳树、杨树等树种方面,以及在隋唐宫苑内培育起梨园、杏园、石榴园等果园,为长安城建设成了兼具观赏与食用价值的绿化体系;在与各种天灾人祸的抗争中,隋唐人的环境意识和绿化自觉得到提高。

In order to cope with various adversities in greening of Sui and Tang Chang＇an city, related historical data including offical history, sketches, and travel notes were analyzed. The results show that the factors which destroy and strike the green trees and green system of Chang＇an city are not only the natural disasters including windstorm, rain and snow, ice-freezing, and insect pests, but also man-made damages including war, and vandalism. In terms of solutions, the departments which take charge of ~eening and maintenance are departments including director of Yu departement, the lord mayor, Sinongsi office of imperial park, director of Jingduyuan, Simianjian, left and right overseeing administrative department and Jinwuwei; officals and intellectuals decide to plant locust tree, elm, willow and aspen and cultivate orchards including pear orchard, apricot orchard and pomegranate after discussion about the green trees in Chang＇an city, constructing the greening system with ornamental value and edible value for Chang＇an city. In the fights with various natural and man-made disasters, the environment awareness and greening consciousness are improved.