滴灌磷钾肥基追比对滴灌玉米干物质积累、产量及养分吸收的影响

Effects of base to dressing ratios of drip phosphorus and potassium on dry matter accumulation,yield and nutrient uptake of maize under drip irrigation

通过田间小区试验,研究了磷钾肥滴灌追施对玉米干物质、产量及养分吸收的影响。结果表明,磷钾肥部分基施、部分滴灌追施玉米的生物量和产量要优于磷钾肥全部基施,其中磷肥75%基施和25%滴灌追施比磷肥全部基施的玉米干物质提高4.36%,产量增加8.14%;钾肥50%基施和50%滴灌追施比钾肥全部基施的玉米干物质增加4.86%,产量增加4.98%。磷钾肥部分基施、部分滴灌追施显著提高了玉米氮、磷、钾的吸收量和利用率,其中磷肥75%基施和25%滴灌追施的氮、磷、钾肥的利用率分别为46.65%、28.42%、46.33%,比磷肥全部基施分别提高了6.0、8.44和8.95个百分点;钾肥50%基施和50%滴灌追施的氮、磷、钾肥的利用率分别为45.46%、27.92%、46.95%,比钾肥全部基施分别提高了4.26、0.99和11.89个百分点。

Field plot test was designed to examine the effects of dressing ratios of phosphorus and potassium on dry matter accu-mulation, yield and nutrient uptake of maize under drip irrigation. The results showed that, the biomass and yield of treat-ments with part of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer as top dressing of drip were better than that of all P and K fertilizer as basal. Compared with all phosphate fertilizer as basal, 75% phosphate fertilizer as basal and 25% phosphate fertilizer as top dressing treatment improved maize dry matter by 4. 36% and yield by 8. 14%. Compared with that all potassium fertilizer ap-plied as basal, 50% potassium fertilizer as basal and 50% potassium fertilizer as top dressing treatment improved maize dry matter by 4. 86% and yield by 4. 98%. The uptake and utilization of N, P, K of maize were significantly increased with a part of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer as top dressing of drip, and the utilization of N, P, K of 75% phosphate fertilizer as basal and 25% phosphate fertilizer as top dressing was 46. 65%, 28. 42% and 46. 33%, which increased by 6. 0, 8. 44 and 8. 95 percentage points compared with that all phosphate fertilizer as basal, respectively. And the utilization of N, P, K of 50% potassium fertilizer as basal and 50% potassium fertilizer as top dressing was 45. 46%, 27. 92% and 46. 95%, which increased by 4. 26, 0. 99 and 11. 89 percentage points compared with that all potassium fertilizer as basal, respectively.