辽西土壤养分供应能力与高粱施肥推荐

Soil nutrients supply capacity and recommended fertilization for sorghum in Liaoxi area

为探讨辽西褐土区土壤养分供应能力,2012年和2014年采用随机区组试验研究了不同施肥处理下土壤养分供应、高粱产量及养分吸收利用的变化。试验包括CK、NPK、PK、NK和NP 5个处理,3次重复。结果表明,该试验区土壤供氮、供磷、供钾能力分别为80.9%、88.5%、97.6%。土壤供氮、磷能力为"中",供钾能力为"高",氮素是该区高粱生产首要养分限制因子。2012年NPK较PK处理增产20.5%,与NK处理产量差异不显著,2014年NPK分别较PK和NK处理增产26.9%和20.3%,2年间NPK与NP处理产量差异不显著。NPK或NP配施可显著提高高粱产量。不同施肥措施对N、P、K的吸收量以NPK和NP处理较高。施氮肥可显著降低氮素收获指数,施磷肥和钾肥对磷素和钾素收获指数无显著影响。肥料农学效率以磷肥最高,氮肥居中。肥料利用率以氮肥最高,磷肥最低。综合不同施肥处理下的养分供应能力、高粱产量、养分吸收量和利用率可知,本地区高粱施肥应加强氮肥的合理投入,并注重磷肥的合理施用。

In order to discuss soil nutrients supply capacity of western Liaoning, the effects of different fertilization treat-ments on the supply ability of soil nutrients, production of sorghum, nutrient uptake and utilization were studied using ran-domized block experiment design in 2012 and 2014. Five treatments were carried out with three duplication in this experi-ment, which were CK, NPK, PK, NK and NP. The results showed that soil N supply capacity and soil P supply capacity, which were at middle level, were respectively 80. 9% and 88. 5%. Soil K supply capacity, which was at high level, was 97. 6%. Soil N apply ability was the lowest and soil K applying ability was the highest. N was the main nutrient restrictive factor in the production of sorghum in the area. The yield of NPK increased by 20. 5% than that of PK and was not signifi-cant than that of NK in 2012. The yield of NPK increased by 26. 9%, 20. 3% than that of PK and NK respectively in 2014. The yield difference between NPK and NP was not significant in two years. Fertilization with NPK or NP obviously in-creased yield of sorghum. The amount of N, P, K uptake of NPK and NP were higher among different fertilization treat-ments. Applying nitrogen fertilizer significantly reduced the nitrogen harvest index, while applying phosphorus and potassi-um fertilizer didn’t significantly reduce the phosphorus and potassium harvest index. Phosphorus agronomic efficiency was the highest, followed by nitrogen. Nitrogen use efficiency was highest, followed by potassium, and then phosphorus. Based on the research on nutrients supply capacity, production of sorghum, nutrient uptake and use efficiency in this paper, it could be concluded that combined application of NP or NPK, especially the reasonable input of N and P fertilizer was important in sorghum production in the study area.