“村改居”社区治理体制的变革与重构

Reformation and Reconstruction of the Governance System of Urban Communities Originating from Rural Villages

"村改居"社区作为社会转型过程中的一种社区类型,是城市化快速发展的产物,有着社区形态的过渡性、生活场域的二元性、居住人口的流动性和社区管理的复杂性等特征,因而成为基层社会治理创新的重点。在"村改居"社区,"党政经"一体的"混合型"传统组织架构这一弊端,造成党组织权威弱化、自治组织地位虚化、集体经济组织功能异化,引发社区治理失序。以"政社分离"、"政经分离"为标志的治理改革,让社区组织各归其位、各司其职,在推动社区治理事务类别化与权责明晰化的同时,有助于基层权力的有效制衡与组织架构的优化整合,实现社区有效治理。

Urban communities originating from rural villages as a special type of community in the process of social transition, result from the acceleration of urbanization. These communities are characterized by their transitionality in terms of community form, being simultaneously rural and urban, mobility of the residents and the complexity of community governance, and therefore become the focus of the innovation of community governance in grassroots level. In urban communities originating from rural villages, the defects in the former mode of gov- ernance integrating party leadership, administration and economy lead to the weakening of party authority, the decline of autonomy, the alienation of collective function in economic organization and the chaos in community governance. The reformation of community governance featuring ＂separation of government administration and community governance＂ and ＂separation of government administration and economy＂ restores the due power of communities and clearly define their duties. In the course of categorizing and defining duties and responsibilities, check and balance of power in the grassroots level and the optimal integration of organizational structure can be improved, promoting the effective community governance.