介词“依据”的词汇化与语法化

The Lexicalization and Grammaticalization of Prepositional “Yiju”

现代汉语中,介词"依据"用于介引动作行为的根据。它来源于汉代的同形动词短语"依据"。魏晋南北朝时期,动词短语"依据"在认知隐喻机制促动下因高频连用由并列式动词短语词汇化为同形的依靠义动词。动词"依据"形成后,经常用于"V1+N1+V2+N2"句法环境中的V1位置,至隋唐五代时期,处于该句法环境中的"依据"最终完成向介词的虚化,"V1(依据)+N1"由独立作谓语被重新分析为作状语,介词"依据"形成。"依据"在汉语史上的发展演变路径可以概括为"动词短语→动词→介词"。

In modern Chinese,＂ Yiju＂ as a proposition signifies the basis of action and behavior. It derived from the homographic verbal phrase ＂Yiju＂ in Han dynasty. In the Wei, Jin, and Southern and Northern Dynasties, the verbal phrase ＂Yiju＂ influenced by the cognitive metaphor mechanism changed from a coordinative verbal phrase to a homographic verb signifying ＂based on＂. Then the verb ＂Yiju＂ was often used in the ＂N1 ＋ V1 ＋ V2 ~ N2＇＇ syntactic structure and often took the Vl position. By the Sui and Tang Dynasties and the Five Dynas- ties, the conversion to proposition of ＂Yiju＂ in the ＂N1 ＋ V1 ＋ V2 ＋ N2＂ syntactic structure was completed. ＂VI （Yiju） ＋ N1 ＂ which had independently functioned as predicate was regarded as adverbial phrase and the propositional ＂Yiju＂ took shape. The path of evolution in the history of the Chinese language can be summarized as ＂verb phrase → verb →preposition. ＂