不同播栽期的温度对水稻‘宜香优1108’生长及产量的影响

‘Yixiangyou1108':Growth and Yield Under Temperatures of Different Sowing Dates

以凤冈水稻主栽品种‘宜香优1108’为试验材料,于2015年4—10月在风冈农业示范园区通过田间分期播种试验,设置4个水稻播种移栽期,分析了不同播栽期的温度对水稻生长动态和产量特征的影响。结果表明:(1)随播栽期的延后,水稻全生育期明显缩短;所需≥10℃积温值减少;最大分蘖数有所增加,但增加不明显;株高逐渐降低,且减少较显著。(2)除Ⅲ、Ⅳ播期抽穗开花期和灌浆成熟期气温适宜度较低外,4个播期的其他生育阶段温度适宜度均较好。(3)随着播期的延后,穗粒数、结实粒数、千粒重、理论产量均减少,且差异性显著,其中穗粒数和穗结实粒数减少是导致产量下降的主要原因。以上研究结果可为合理安排水稻播栽期,提高水稻产量提供理论依据,以期为夏伏旱的避灾和减灾提供科学的决策依据。

Taking‘Yixiangyou1108＇,which is one of main rice cultivars in Fenggang,as the experiment material,the authors set 4 sowing date treatments at Fenggang agricultural demonstration garden in GuizhouProvince from April to October 2015,to analyze the effects of temperature of different sowing dates on growthdynamics and yield features of‘Yixiangyou1108＇. The results showed that：（1） with the delaying of the sowingdate,the whole growth period was shortened and ≥10℃ accumulated temperature of rice decreased,themaximum tiller number had no obvious increase and the plant height significantly reduced;（2） except that thetemperature suitability of heading to flowering stage and filling and ripening stage in Ⅲ,Ⅳ sowing dates wasrelatively low,the temperature suitability was better in the rest of growth period;（3） grains per spike,maturegrain number,kernel weight and theoretical yield significantly decreased with the delaying of the sowing date,and the decrease of grains per spike and the mature grain number were the main reason for yield declining. Theresearch could provide a the oretical basis for reasonably arranging the sowing date of rice and yield increase,inorder to avoid the summer drought and reduce its damage to rice production.