符号·含义·直观·表达——语言逻辑视域中的言语行为阐释

Symbols,Meanings,Perceptual Intuition,and Expression—An Interpretation of the Speech Act from the Perspective of Language Logic

人类的一切活动都具有符号的特征,所有意识经验都是符号化经验的表现。美国哲学家苏珊·朗格认为,符号分为推论性形式与表现性形式。语言是典型的推论性形式。这是因为,语言是一种概念活动,是对概念的综合使用,而概念陈述的过程就是由概念到判断、再到推理的过程。换言之,语言是一种推论性形式的符号体系,它既可以表达各种事物的联系,也可以表达直观的事物对象及其事物的性质以及人们对事物的看法等。所以,人们在语言逻辑视域中研究符号与含义以及直观与表达,能够很好地揭示言语行为特点、功能及其作用。

All human activities are characterized by symbols,and all the conscious experience is the manifestation of the symbolic experience. As opined by the American philosopher Susan Lange,symbols are divided into the inferential forms and the expressive ones,and language is a typical inferential form,because language is a kind of concept activity as well as a comprehensive use of the concept,and the process of the concept statement is one from the concept through judgment to inference. In other words,language is a symbolic system in the inferential form,which can express not only the relations of various things but also intuitive objects and their nature as well as people＇s views on things. Therefore,a study of symbols and their meanings as well as their intuitive perception and expression from the perspective of language logic people can well reveal the features of the traits,functions and roles of the speech act.