孔网参数测量技术在矿山爆破中的应用

Application of Geometry Survey in Quarry Blasting

工程中发现爆破效果不稳定,具有偶然误差的特点,从爆破设计和施工中查找原因。以泰玛士矿爆破实践为例,采用激光扫描仪和钻孔测斜仪,测出代表台阶面和钻孔轨迹的空间点坐标,研究钻孔与自由面、钻孔与钻孔之间的空间关系,通过三维图形软件计算真实的爆破参数,优化设计,指导施工,可以取得稳定的爆破效果。结果表明:爆破设计和施工中的钻孔偏移普遍存在,它是导致爆破设计参数失真、爆破效果不稳定的主要因素;控制偏移误差的发生及其负面影响,孔网参数测量是技术支撑,工作程序是技术应用的规范;根据孔网参数测量数据分析发生钻孔偏移的具体原因,针对性解决问题并预防错误重复发生。

In the practical engineering, the blasting effect is instable. The reason is related to the blasting design and working. A case of blasting operation at Tarmac quarry indicated an improvement in the stability of blasting effect when surveying the coordinate of the point which represent the bench faces and the drilling holes by using the laser scanner in conjunction with borehote survey instrument, studying the spatial relation between free faces and drilling holes, calculating the actual parameters of the blasting design, and aiding the optimization of the blasting design and operation through 3D graphic software. Universally borehole deviation in the quarry blasting design and operation is a key factor for distorting parameters and blasting effect. To control the generating and poor effect of the borehole deviation, the geometry survey and operation procedure should be guaranteed. Meanwhile, it is necessary to find the primary cause of borehole deviation to solve the problem by using geometry surveying data.