巷道链状无线传感器节点部署研究

Research on node deployment of chain-type wireless sensor networks in tunnel

无线传感器网络(wireless sensor networks,WSN)在井下的应用过程中,离基站近的区域需要承担的数据转发任务多,易出现"热区"现象。通常网络节点的均匀部署方式将不再适用于此情景。文章通过研究井下WSN的工作模式及能量消耗,经过理论分析得出等间距分簇的最佳分簇方式与不同区域内的节点部署密度公式。每个区域内的传感器节点采用一种与覆盖相关的睡眠机制,进一步减少能耗。分析和仿真表明,采用等间距的非均匀节点部署方式,使得WSN的能耗达到最小,且各区域能耗相当,显著提高网络的生命周期。

The region nearer the base station would relay more data when wireless sensor networks （WSN） was applied in mine tunnel and it would be easy to form a hot area. General even deployment of node would not be suitable in this condition. According to the research on the mode of work and en- ergy consumption in WSN in mine, an optimal clustering scheme which divided the whole WSN into e- qual part in size was raised as well as a formula of the density of node in different regions. Sensor nodes in each region adapt a sleeping mechanism related to covering to decrease energy consumption. The simulation results show that this node deployment can achieve low energy consumption and even the consumption in different region. The lifetime of the WSN in tunnel significantly increases as well.