羊乳制品中牛乳源成分的鉴别检测技术

Identification and Detection Techniques of Cow Milk Derived Components in Goat Milk and Its Products

羊乳含有丰富的蛋白质、脂肪和矿物质,与其他乳相比营养组成最接近母乳。羊乳中的脂肪球小,乳糖含量低,并含有丰富的腺苷三磷酸促进乳糖的分解,更适于具有乳糖不耐受症的亚洲成年人和婴幼儿饮用。国内外对羊乳及羊乳粉的需求不断增长。然而由于羊乳产量过低,价格高,不法商家在羊乳及羊乳制品中容易掺入一些价格低廉、方便易得的牛乳及牛乳源成分不时有报道。为了保护消费者权益和健康,规范市场,避免进出口贸易损失,鉴定纯正的羊乳及制品,检测其中的掺假牛乳源成分十分迫切。从免疫学法、色谱法、电泳法、基因检测法等方面综述了目前羊乳及羊乳制品中牛乳源成分鉴别和检测技术。

Goat milk and its products contain abundant protein, fat and minerals, their nutritional com-ponents of goat milk are considered as the most similar to human milk compared to others. Due to contai-ning smaller fat globules, low lactose and rich adenosine triphosphate （ ATP） which facilitates lactose to decompose, goat milk is beneficial for Asian adults, infant and children with lactose intolerance. Con-sumption of goat milk and its products in home and abroad markets increased significantly, however, be-cause of low production and high prices, some goat milk and its products have been readily adulterated with relatively cheaper cow milk or cow milk derived products. In order to protect consumer interests or health, to regulate the market and to avoid trading losses, it is urgent to identify authentic milk products and determine the amount of adulterated components. This paper summarized recent progresses on identi-fication and detection methods, such as immunological, electrophoretic and chromatographic techniques, of cow milk derived components in goat milk and its products.