机票“超售”中的经营者义务与消费者权益保护

The Business Dealers' Obligations and the Consumers' Protection in Air Tickets Overbooking

机票"超售"自引入我国航空业以来,相应配套制度的不到位致使很多问题没有得到应有的规范。航空客运合同应被认为属消费者合同的一种,优先适用《消费者权益保护法》、《合同法》来处理争议纠纷。针对《旅客、行李运输总条件》等格式条款,航空公司未对旅客履行提示、说明义务的,不能订入航空客运合同;由于航空客运合同面向对象广泛且数量庞大,不能如一般消费者合同那样一一提示与告知,但应以广播、张贴、牌示、放映字幕、特殊字体等显著方式公告格式条款并能为旅客所知晓的,可以认为航空公司尽到了提示义务。在"超售"事实的告知义务方面,亦应采与格式条款类似的告知方式履行告知义务,否则应承担相应的缔约过失责任。旅客在办理登机手续时才得知机票超售的事实,乃航空公司告知义务履行方式不当,不应认定为对旅客实施了欺诈行为,不应有惩罚性赔偿之适用。此外,因超售拒载的延误赔偿应有相对确定的赔偿标准,可借鉴美国的作法,以实际损失为主、以延误时间为次要标准确立迟延履行的赔偿金额。

Since the ticket ＂overbooking＂ has been introduced to China＇s aviation industry, the appropriate supporting systems are not in place, and thus have resulted in many problems that should have been properly standardized. Air passenger contract should be considered as a kind of consumer contracts, the applicable priority ＂Consumer Protection Law＂, ＂Contract Law＂ to handle disputes. According to the formats of The General Transportation Conditions on Passengers, Baggage and other terms, what the airline hasn＇t fulfilled in reminding passengers of cannot be drawn into the air passenger transport contracts. However, because of the wide coverage of the air passenger contracts and the large number of the object-oriented, it is impossible to remind and inform every passenger. In fact, the airlines may be thought having fulfilled the obligations of reminding, if they announce them by broadcasting, posting, putting up on a notice board, projecting on screen, stylized font and some other remarkable modes. In terms of the duty of disclosing ＂overbooking＂ facts, a format similar to the terms of the mode of the notification, should be taken to fulfill their obligations. In addition, due to overbooking rejection delay compensation should be determined relative to the standard of compensation, we can learn from the US, taking the delay time as a secondary standard to establish the amount of compensation for delayed performance.