水环境中纳米氧化锌的环境行为及生物毒性研究进展

Behavior and toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles in aquatic environment

随着纳米氧化锌的大量生产和应用,作为其最终受体之一的水环境将面临越来越大的威胁.纳米氧化锌在水环境中的团聚,溶解等环境行为使其具有不稳定性,在很大程度上影响着纳米氧化锌在水体中的迁移性、生物可利用性以及对生态环境的毒性.本文着重探讨纳米氧化锌在水环境中的环境行为及其影响控制因素和检测分析方法,归纳纳米氧化锌对不同种类水生生物的毒性效应,分析纳米氧化锌的毒性机制及其存在的问题,并对水环境中纳米氧化锌的环境行为及生物毒性的研究方向进行了展望.

As one of the most extensively used engineered nanomaterials, zinc oxide nanoparticles （ZnO-NPs） have experienced rapid commercialization and production in the last several decades. The increasing application and usage of these products inevitably leads to release of ZnO-NPs into the aquatic environment, posing ongoing threats to the benthic life. The mobility, bioavailability, and ecotoxicity of ZnO-NPs are strongly regulated by the aggregation and dissolution of the nanoparticles, which markedly alter the stability of ZnO-NPs in aqueous phase. This review focuses on the environmental behavior of ZnO-NPs, the factors that influence their environmental behavior, and the related analytical methods. Further, the toxicity mechanisms for ZnO-NPs have also been summarized and future research on the environmental been discussed. behavior of ZnO-NPs and its ecotoxicity have