20世纪初英属印度遗迹保护法的演变

The Evolution of Conservation Act in British India in the Early 20th Century

1902年,重组后的英属印度考古局在局长约翰·马歇尔的领导下,开展了一系列行之有效的改革,明确了英属印度考古局最主要的工作职责:保护、发掘和碑铭学研究。在这样的背景下,考古局对英属印度各地的遗址遗迹进行了大范围的调查和大规模的修复。1904年印度政府颁布了《古代遗迹保护法案》,阐释了古代遗迹的概念,以及具体的保护措施。1907年《古代遗迹保护》和1922年马歇尔的《保护手册》的相继出版,是对长期保护经验的总结,对今后英属印度各地区、乃至独立后的南亚次大陆各国开展文物保护工作提供了有力的理论及实践指导。

In 1902,the Archaeological Survey of India( ASI) has carried out a series of effective reforms after the reorganization under the leadership of the Director- General,one of the key content is stipulating the main works:conservation,excavation and epigraphy. In such a setting,a large- scale survey of site around the British India and effective restorations were conducted by ASI. In 1904,the Ancient Monument Preservation Act was promulgated,which standardized the concept of ancient monuments,as well as specific protection measures. Conservation of Anceint Monument and Conservation Manual have been published respectively in 1907 and 1922,which is obtained in the long- time protection practice and experience,and provided a strong theroetical and pratical guidance to the effective conservation work of British India and independence countries of the South Asia.