亚洲风尘循环的过程、机制和环境效应

Process, mechanism and environmental effect of the dust cycle in Asia

由中国科学院地球环境研究所牵头申报的国家重点研发计划"全球变化及应对"重点专项项目"亚洲风尘循环的过程、机制和环境效应"获国家科技部批准立项。本文简要介绍了该项目的立项背景、研究意义、研究目标与课题分解、研究内容以及预期成果与效益。项目以亚洲风尘从源到汇的多尺度变化为主线,旨在阐明现代与地质时期亚洲风尘排放、迁移和沉降的时空变化特征及其影响机制,特别是自然因素和人为活动对亚洲风尘释放的相对贡献。基于风尘源区的现代气象观测数据、卫星遥感和大气再分析资料,并整合中亚干旱区、黄土高原以及北太平洋地区的风尘沉积记录,开展从源区排放到近距离迁移、远程输送与沉积的全过程研究。通过数值模拟研究风尘-气候的相互作用,揭示区域和全球大气环流对亚洲风尘循环的调制作用。同时,建立不同尺度亚洲风尘循环模型和时空变化数据平台,评估亚洲风尘对区域气候变化、生态系统和人居环境的影响,为我国生态环境治理和未来风尘变化的环境效应预估提供科学依据。

The Ministry of Science and Technology of China has granted a project named ＂Process, mechanism and environmental effect of the dust cycle in Asia＂, which is led by the Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This project belongs to the special sub-program ＂Global Change and Adaptation＂ of the National Key Research and Development Program. This paper briefly summarizes the background, significance, research objective and task decomposition, the research content and the expected results and benefits. This project will focus on multi-scale changes from the source to sink of Asian dust, clarify the temporal and spatial variations of Asian dust emission, transportation and sedimentation of both modern Asian dust and geological period and their effect mechanism, and especially identify the relative contribution of natural factors and human activities on the Asian dust cycle. Based on the meteorological observations over the source area, satellite and remote sensing and atmospheric reanalysis data, the project will carry out dust emission, proximal migration, and distal transportation and deposition process, coupled with dust records from the Add Asian Interior, Chinese Loess Plateau and northern Pacific. At the same time, through the numerical simulations with various climate models and the establishment of Asian dust data platform at different time-scales, the project will try to reveal the dust-climate interaction, including the modulation of largescale atmospheric circulation and climate background to Asian dust cycle, and possible effects of Asian dust to regional climate, ecosystem and human settlements. In addition, the project will also provide the scientific basis for the improvement of the regional ecological environment and the assessment of environmental effect of dust in the future.