气力式水稻芽种精量旱直播机的设计与试验

Design and field trials of pneumatic precision drilling planter of rice budded seed in dry land

为满足水稻大田精量旱直播的农艺要求,设计一种气力式水稻芽种精量旱直播机,可一次完成平地、开肥沟、正下方深施底肥、开厢沟、开种沟、播种、覆土、镇压等工序。采用气力式水稻芽种精量穴直播排种器可同时吸附2~4粒芽种,不伤芽种;利用微型水平摆式开沟犁开厢沟,采用前后双螺旋叶片实现直播田块的平整,采用双圆盘开沟器与外槽轮式排肥器实现芽种正下方深施肥。为解决直播机纵向尺寸过大,拖拉机前进时左右、前后倾斜对播种深度产生的影响,设计了仿形单体式排种装置。田间性能试验表明,该气力式水稻芽种精量旱直播机的播种穴粒数合格率为86.7%,芽种破损率为0.8%,主要性能指标均达到了国家相关标准的规定。

A pneumatic precision drilling planter of rice was designed to meet agronomic require- ment of planting rice budded seed in dry land. It levelled the land, opened the fertilizer ditch, fertilized under the rice budded seed, opened the furrows and seeding ditch with simultaneous sowing, covering and rolling.The drilling planter in dry land used double-sided pneumatic precision seed metering device to absorb 2 to 4 rice budded seeds with no damage to rice budded seeds.The micro-level swing plow was used to open the furrows and the before and after double helical blade was used to level the land.The doubledisc opener and fertilizer metering device with outer sheave was used to put fertilizer under the rice budded seeds. To reduce the longitudinal length of the drilling planter and prevent the tilt of tractor affecting the sowing depth while walking,a seeding device of copying monobloc was designed.Results of field trials showed that the qualified rate of thedrilling planter was 86.7%.The broken ratio of rice budded seed was 0.8%.This drilling planter fully meets requirement of the relevantnational standards.