云南杧果优良品种综合性状比较分析

Comprehensive Traits of Improved Variety of Mango in Yunnan:Comparison and Analysis

对云南省引进及选育出的12个杧果新品种进行综合比较试验,旨在筛选出适宜在云南推广种植的优良杧果品种。笔者以‘三年杧’为砧木,分别嫁接‘云热-5006杧’、‘云热-5007杧’、‘贵妃杧’、‘凯特杧’、‘金煌杧’、‘圣心杧’、‘台农1号杧’、‘帕拉英达杧’、‘四季杧’、‘南逗迈4号杧’、‘圣德隆杧’、‘三年杧’12个杧果品种,从物候期、果实品质、果实耐贮性、产量、市场潜力等综合分析研究。结果表明：所有杧果品种果实成熟期均晚于对照‘三年杧’,耐贮性优于‘三年杧’;11个品种产量均高于‘三年杧’;除‘云热-5006杧’外,其余参试杧果品种市场价格均高于对照。以单果重、可食率、可溶性固形物含量、耐贮性、平均单株产量和平均单价进行综合评分,综合性状排名由高到低为：‘南逗迈4号杧’〉‘金煌杧’〉‘四季杧’〉‘帕拉英达杧’〉‘贵妃杧’〉‘凯特杧’〉‘圣德隆杧’〉‘台农一号杧’〉‘圣心杧’〉‘云热-5006杧’〉‘云热-5007杧’〉‘三年杧’。供试品种嫁接换种后综合性状表现较好,适宜在云南省推广种植,其中‘南逗迈4号杧’、‘金煌杧’、‘圣德隆杧’、‘台农一号杧’、‘帕拉英达杧’、‘贵妃杧’适宜云南省海拔1200 m以下的无霜地区种植;‘云热-5006杧’、‘云热-5007杧’、‘三年杧’、‘四季杧’适宜云南省海拔1400 m以下热区种植;‘凯特杧’、‘圣心杧’适宜云南省海拔1400~1600 m以下热区种植。

The comprehensive comparison of 12 mango varieties were conducted to screen out improved mangovarieties suitable for planting in Yunnan.‘Sannianmang’was selected to be the rootstock,‘Yunre-5006’,‘Yunre-5007’,‘Guifei’,‘Keitt’,‘Jinhuang’,‘Sensation’,‘Tainong No.1’,‘Chok Anan’,‘Mya Hin Ta ’,‘Seintalon’, and‘Nan Doc Mai No.4’were used as scion to graft onto. Phenological period, quality of berry,storage property, yield and production potentiality were studied and analyzed. The results showed that：compared with‘Sannianmang’, all varieties matured later and the storage property was high; yield of 11 mangovarieties were better than that of‘Sannianmang’, while prices was higher than that of‘Sannianmang’except‘Yunre-5006’; comprehensive grading was carried out according to single fruit weight, edible rate, the contentof soluble solid, storability, individual yield and average unit price, and the comprehensive traits rank fromhigh to low was‘Nam Doc Mai No.4’,‘Jinhuang’,‘Chok Anan’,‘Mya Hin Ta ’,‘Guifei’,‘Keitt’,‘Seintalon’,‘Tainong No.1’,‘Sensation’,‘Yunre-5006’,‘Yunre-5007’and‘Sannianmang’; the mangovarieties in this study were suitable to be planted and extended widely in Yunnan, of which‘Nan Doc MaiNo.4’,‘Jinhuang’,‘Tainong No.1’,‘Seintalon’,‘Mya Hin Ta ’and‘Guifei’could be popularized in thesubtropical regions below 1200 m;‘Yunre-5006’,‘Yunre-5007’,‘Sannianmang’,‘Chok Anan’could bepopularized in the subtropical regions below 1400 m; furthermore,‘Keitt’and‘Sensation’could bepopularized in the subtropical regions of 1400-1600 m.