青花菜小孢子发育时期与花器形态的相关性

Correlation of Microspore Development Period and Flower Morphological Characteristics of Broccoli

对青花菜小孢子发育时期细胞学特征及其与花器外部形态的相关性展开研究,试图从花器的外部形态特征来推断小孢子的发育时期,最终目的是为花药或游离小孢子培养研究提供科学依据。结果表明,青花菜小孢子发育经历四分体时期、单核早中期、单核靠边期和双核期共4个时期,供试3个青花菜各时期细胞学特征存在明显差异。青花菜小孢子发育时期与花蕾大小和花药颜色等指标密切相关。供试青花菜花蕾纵径为10.52~11.05 mm,花蕾横径为3.64~4.25 mm,花药长度为2.85~2.87 mm,花药宽度为0.95~0.96 mm,且花瓣微露出花萼,花瓣和花药均为淡黄色时,80%以上的小孢子发育至单核靠边期。

The cytological characteristics of broccoli（Brassica oleracea var. italica） microspore development,bud morphology in different microspore development periods and anther color were observed to identify theperiod of microspore development directly from the morphological characteristics of buds and anther of broccoli, which would provide the scientific evidence for culturing of anther and isolated microspore. Theresults showed that broccoli microspore development was divided to four stages： tetrad period, early or mid-uninucleate period, late-uninucleate period, and binuclear period, and each stage had obvious characteristics.The microspore development period of broccoli was closely related with bud size and anther color. The budswere 10.52-11.05 mm in longitudinal diameter and 3.64-4.25 mm in transversal diameter, and the anthers2.85-2.87 mm in length and 0.95-0.96 mm in width. The petals were calyx slightly and the anthers and thepetals were yellowish. Eighty percent microspores could develop to the stage of late-uninucleate.