稳定氮肥用量和施用方式对油菜产量和氮肥效率的影响

Effects of Stabilized Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate and Application Methods on Yield and Nitrogen Efficiency of Rape

为明确稳定氮肥在油菜生产上科学施用问题,2014—2015年通过安徽省油菜小区试验,研究油菜上稳定氮肥用量及施用方式对其产量、经济效益、氮素累积和利用效率的影响。与无氮对照相比,100%稳定氮肥一次施用、100%稳定氮肥分次施用、85%稳定氮肥一次施用和70%稳定氮肥一次施用分别增产225.6%、232.5%、206.8%和181.2%,植株地上部氮素总累积量分别增加309.2%、327.6%、254.0%和202.1%,经济效益分别增加287.9%、273.9%、266.1%和234.0%。与农民习惯施肥相比,100%稳定氮肥一次施用和分次施用分别增产8.2%和10.5%,植株地上部氮素总累积量分别增加15.2%和20.3%,经济效益分别增加16.8%和12.6%。等氮施用稳定氮肥较农民习惯施肥显著促进油菜对氮素的吸收累积。氮肥表观利用率施用稳定氮肥显著高于农民习惯施氮,等氮显著高于减氮处理,以100%稳定氮肥分次施用最高。农学效率和偏生产力施用稳定氮肥高于农民习惯施肥。稳定氮肥施氮量在180 kg/hm2且基肥与薹肥6:4分次施用时,能较好地协调油菜高产与稳定氮肥合理利用的统一。

In order to verify the scientific application of stabilized nitrogen fertilizer to rape, a field experimentwas carried out in Anhui Province from 2014 to 2015 to investigate the effects of SN rates and its applicationmethods on yield, economic efficiency, nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen use efficiency（NUE） of rape.Compared with non-nitrogen treatment（N0）, the yield of SN treatments（as 100% N one application, 100% Nsplit application, 85% N one application and 70% N one application） was increased by 225.6%, 232.5%,206.8% and 181.2% respectively. Total N accumulated by above ground parts was increased by 309.2%,327.6%, 254.0% and 202.1%, and economic benefits was increased by 287.9%, 273.9%, 266.1% and 234.0%respectively. Compared with local farmer fertilizer practice, the yield of SN treatments（as 100% oneapplication and 100% split application） was increased by 8.2% and 10.5% respectively. Total N absorbed byabove ground parts was increased 15.2% and 20.3%, and economic benefits was increased by 16.8% and12.6% respectively. At the same N rate, SN of 100% significantly promoted N accumulation compared withfarmer fertilizer practice. The nitrogen apparent efficiency of SN was significantly higher than that of farmerfertilizer practice, 100% SN had even more significant difference than 85% and 70% SN, and 100% SN withthe split application had the highest nitrogen apparent efficiency. The agronomic efficiency and partialproductivity of SN was higher than those of farmer fertilizer practice. Based on rape yield and nitrogenefficiency, the optimum SN application rate was 180kg/hm2 with the ratio of basal fertilization to springfertilization of 6：4.