“一”与“多”:中西艺术形式创造差异的哲学基础

“ One”and“ Many”: The Philosophical Basis of the Differences between the Art Form Creation in China and the West

"一"与"多"是中西艺术形式创造差异的哲学基础,即古代中国人的艺术形式创造基础是从"一"生"多"--"以一求多",古代西方人的艺术形式创造基础是以"多"归"一"--"以多求一"。在美学上,我们也可以这样说,中国艺术形式创造的"以一求多",是审美上的以"同"得"异";西方艺术形式创造的"以多求一",却是审美上的以"异"得"同"。这种对艺术形式创造的特殊处理和独具风格的审美特性及哲学基础,构成了中国艺术与西方艺术之间根本的差异内质。而中西方艺术在形式创造上的这种规律特性,是历史的文化演进所规定的,也与各自的历史审美要求和艺术欣赏习惯相契合。唯其如此,中国艺术的创作原则是"写意性"的,西方艺术的创作原则是"写实性"的。中国艺术的"写意性"原则,要求的是从"类"--"一"上的相似基础上的"个别"的"形似",即"同"中得"异"的"似"--"神似";西方艺术的创作原则刚好相反,是"写实性"的,要求的是从"个别"--"多"上的"形似"基础上的"一"的相似,即"异"中求"同"的"似"--"真似"。

＂One＂ and ＂many＂ is the philosophical basis of the differences between the art form creation in China and the West, which means that the basis of ancient Chinese people＇s art form creation originates from ＂one＂ to ＂many＂ -＂one for many＂ while the basis of ancient Westerners＇ art form creation originates from ＂many＂ to ＂one＂ - ＂many for one＂. In terms of aesthetics, we can also say that, the ＂one for many＂ in Chinese art form creation means ＂similarity for difference＂ while that in the West is ＂many for one＂ which means ＂differences for similarity＂ in aesthetics. The special processing of the art form creation and the u- nique aesthetic features and its philosophical basis constitute the nature of the differences between Chinese and Western arts. This rule of the form creation between the Chinese and Western arts, however, is decided by the cultural evolution of the history and it is in line with the historical aesthetic requirement and art appre- ciation habit in different cultures. Because of this, the creation principle in Chinese arts is ＂abstract＂ while that in the West is ＂realistic＂. The ＂abstract＂ principle in Chinese arts requires the ＂individual similarity of form＂ based on the ＂one＂, which asks for the ＂alikeness in spirit＂ that is the ＂difference＂ derived from the ＂similarity＂. On the contrary, the creation principle of Western arts is ＂realistic＂ which requires the＂ in- dividual＂ - the similarity of ＂one＂ that is based on the ＂similarity of form＂ which is based on the ＂many＂. This principle asks for ＂authentic similarity＂, a ＂similarity＂ derived from the ＂difference＂.