二阶视觉工作法与文化表意实践--《茶道》的影视人类学价值与启示

Two-level Visual Method and the Practice of Cultural Expression:Visual Anthropological Value and the Inspiration of Tea Ceremony

20世纪六七十年代,人类学家开始反思当时占影视人类学主流地位的纪实风格与记录工具论,而人类学电影《茶道》则是这一转型过程中的代表性作品。它突破了之前影视人类学的纪实性框架,发展出一种独特的二阶视觉方法来完成特定文化仪式的解码和呈现:首先,利用静态图片获取对文化仪式中各个要素的来自文化群体的内部解释,通过系统地整理和归纳获得仪式化的行为和其他要素背后的文化意义;接下来,使用动态图像充分展示仪式化动作的时间性、仪态特征和心理情感,帮助其他文化成员进行对仪式背后文化意义的整体理解。这使人类学电影摆脱了单纯证据功能的发挥,突破了对于视听表象的呈现,借助能指-所指的符号链条深入到整体文化意义系统的层面。

During the 1960s and 1970s, anthropologists began rethinking the documentary style and record- ing organon that dominated the main - stream visual anthropology at that time. Anthropological film Tea Ceremony is a typical one emerged at that transformational time. This film broke through the documentary framework of previous visual anthropology, developing an unique two -level visual method that is used to decode and interpret a certain cultural rite. Firstly, it uses static image to obtain the internal interpretation of a cultural group of the elements of the cultural rite with the aim of obtaining the cultural meanings behind the ritualized behavior and other elements through systematic filing and conclusion. Afterwards, the moving images are used to fully display the temporality, characteristics of the rite and the mentality of the ritualized behavior so as to help other members of the cultural group to understand the holistic cultural meanings behind the rite. These help anthropological film breaks through the si visual and audio presentation, as well as investigate ngular role as an evidence and the interpretation of the the holistic cultural meaning system with the aid of the signifiersignified signal chain.