南京市城市湿地资源保护与利用现状调查研究

Research on the protection and utilization of wetland resources in Nanjing

湿地的保护与可持续利用是一个地区生态文明建设水平的最重要的标志之一,了解城市湿地资源的现状特点对城市建设及资源保护都有十分重要的意义。本次研究通过3S技术及实地调查的方法,分析统计出2014年南京市城市湿地资源的保护及利用现状及南京城市湿地类型主要特点。南京市湿地面积达103176hm^2,自然湿地60608hm^2,占比58.75%;人工湿地42568hm^2,占比41.25%。其中,河流湿地面积最多,共计44631hm^2,占湿地总面积的43.26%;依次是湖泊湿地和水田湿地。南京城市湿地保护特点更多关注在大面积湿地的范围控制及大型湿地公园的规划与建设。在湿地利用现状上,除一般水域外,种植业占比最大,达18.99%;其后是旅游休闲及养殖业类型。南京市湿地资源现状保护存在的问题主要包括过度围垦、城市开发建设、水体污染及生物资源利用过度利用、管理制度不健全等四个方面。

Wetland is one of the most important ecosystems, the protection and sustainable utilization of wetland is an important level of the construction of ecological civilization in a region. Therefore, it is very meaningful that knowing the status of construction and the protection of urban wetland resources. Based on 3S technology and field survey, the situation of protection and utilization of urban wetland resources was analyzed in 2014, in Nanjing city. The wetland area of 103176hm^2 , natural wet- lands 60608hm^2,accounting for 58.75% ; constructed wetland 42568 hm^2 , accounting for 41.25%, Among them, the river wet- land area is the largest, a total of 44631 hm^2, accounting for 43.26%; followed by the lake wetland and paddy wetland. The characteristics of urban wetland protection are more concerned with the scope control of large area and the planning and con- struction of large scale wetland park. In the current using situation of wetlands, in addition to the general water, the planting industry accounted for the largest, reaching 18.99%; followed by tourism and leisure and aquaculture. Problems existed in the protection of Nanjing wetland resources mainly includes the use of excessive reclamation, urban development and construction, water pollution and biological resources excessive utilization, imperfect management system and so on.