2015年全国疟疾疫情分析

Malaria Situation in the People's Republic of China in 2015

使用《疟疾防治工作调查表》(全国疾病控制调查制度2013年版"卫统32表",简称为"年报")收集2015年31个省(直辖市、自治区,未包括台湾地区、香港和澳门)的疟疾疫情数据资料进行整理、统计和分析。2015年全国31个省(直辖市、自治区)664个县(市、区)共报告疟疾病例3 288例,较2014年(3 078例)增加6.8%,发病率0.024 0/万;病例主要报自云南(606例,占18.4%)、江苏(405例,占12.3%)、四川(290例,占8.8%)、广西(236例,占7.2%)、山东(212例,占6.4%)等5个省(自治区)。报告本地感染病例40例(占1.2%,40/3 288),主要分布在云南(6个县)、西藏(1个县)、海南(1个市)和辽宁(1个市)等4省(自治区)共9个县(市、区),其中1例感染来源不明;其中报告的1例本地感染恶性疟病例分布在云南省沧源县;西藏自治区墨脱县本地感染发病率超过1/万。报告境外输入性病例3 248例(占98.8%,3 248/3 288),分布在全国31个省(直辖市、自治区)。实验室确诊病例3 265例(占99.3%,3 265/3 288),其中间日疟878例(占26.9%),恶性疟1 992例(占61.0%),三日疟76例(占2.3%),卵形疟272例(占8.3%),混合感染47例(占1.4%)。全国14个省(直辖市、自治区)报告重症病例163例(占5.0%,163/3 288),10个省(直辖市、自治区)报告死亡病例20例。全国通过传染病报告信息管理系统(简称为"网报")报告疟疾病例3 116例,其中本地感染病例39例。我国消除疟疾进展顺利,但云南边境地区和西藏墨脱县仍是消除疟疾的重点和难点地区。仍需关注和加强疟疾传播阻断地区的再传播风险预测。

The 2015 malaria epidemiological data reported through the annual malaria statistics reporting system were collected and analyzed. Totally 3 288 malaria cases were reported in 664 counties of 31 Provinces/Municipalities/Autonomous Regions （P/M/A） in 2015, which increased by 6.8% in comparison to that of 2014 （3 078 cases）, and the incidence in 2015 was 0.024 0/10 000. The cases were reported primarily from Provinces of Yunnan （18.4%, 606/3 288）, Jiangsu （12.3%, 405/3 288）, Sichuan （8.8%, 290/3 288）, Guangxi （7.2%, 236/3 288） and Shandong（6.4%, 212/3 288）. Of all the cases, 40（1.2%, 40/3 288） were indigenous cases, mainly distributed in the border area of Yunnan （six counties）, Tibet （one county）, Liaoning （one county） and Hainan （one county）. There was one case of whom the source of infection was unknown. The locally-infected falciparum malaria was only found in Cangyuan County of Yunnan（1 case）. The prevalence of indigenous malaria in Motuo County of the Tibet Autonomous Region was over 1/10 000. Meanwhile, there were 3 248（98.8%, 3 248/3 288） abroad-imported cases which widely distributed in the 31 P/M/As. In addition, 3 265（99.3%, 3 265/3 288） of the reported cases were confirmed in reference laboratories, comprising 878 cases of Plasmodium vivax（26.9%, 878/3 265） 1 992 cases of P. falciparum（61.0%, 1 992/3 265）, 76 cases of P. malariae（2.3%, 76/3 265）, 272 cases of P. ovale（8.3%, 272/3 265） and 47 cases of mixed infection（1.4%, 47/3 265）. Furthermore, 163 cases（5.0%, 163/3 288） with severe clinical symptoms were reported in 14 P/M/As, with 20 deaths（0.6%, 20/3 288） in 10 P/M/As. Totally 3 116 malaria cases were reported through the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention, including 39 indigenous cases. These data reflect achievements in malaria elimination, despite that challenges remain in boarder areas of Yunnan Province and in Motuo County of the Tibet Autonomous Region. Efforts are still needed in risk assesment for malaria re-transmission.