父母应对方式与5~6岁儿童情绪调节策略的关系

The Relations between Parental Reactions to Children's Negative Emotions and Their Emotion Regulation Strategies

父母面向儿童消极情绪的应对方式有助于缓解儿童的情绪状态,培养儿童处理消极情绪的积极调节策略,提升儿童适应多元情境的社会能力。本研究以来自4个城市的439名5~6儿童父母为研究对象,采用父母应对儿童消极情绪问卷和学前儿童情绪调节策略问卷,考察父母应对方式与5~6岁儿童情绪调节策略的关系,结果发现父母应对儿童消极情绪的方式以支持性应对为主,但受父母性别、教育背景、儿童性别的影响;5~6岁儿童的情绪调节策略以积极调节策略为主;父母对消极情绪的支持性应对与儿童积极调节策略呈正相关,与消极调节策略呈负相关;父母的非支持性应对与儿童消极调节策略存在正相关,与积极调节策略相关但系数较小。作为学前教育的关键利益相关者,父母需要认识到适当应对和处理儿童消极情绪的重要性,帮助儿童体验各种情绪,培养儿童的情绪调节能力。

5-6 years old children＇s emotion regulation is influenced by parental reactions. Both the domestic and foreign researches showed that parental reactions affect children＇s social and emotional skills, but few research focused on the relations between parental reactions to children＇s negative emotions and their emotion regulation strategies. In order to investigate the relations, this study used the scales of parental coping with children＇s negative emotion and children＇s choosing strategies of emotion regulation based on the data from four cities in China. Results indicated that parental reactions were mainly consisted of supportive ways, and 5 -6 years old children were inclined to choose positive strategies of emotion regulation. It＇s obvious that the relationship between parental supportive ways and children＇s emotion regulation strategies was correlative. As the core stake-holders, parents need to recognize the importance of supportive reaction, and help children experience different emotions and learn to regulate the negative ones.