静定结构和超静定结构工程应用探讨

Engineering Application of Statically Determinate Structure and Statically Indeterminate Structure

超静定结构具有多余约束会使得结构更加稳定,而静定结构属于无多余约束的几何不变体系。在工程实例中超静定结构运用较多,但这并不表示在所有情况下超静定结构都会比静定结构经济、合理。以两跨连续梁和两跨静定梁为算例,分别求出在均布荷载、温度变化以及支座沉降三个不同工况下两者的变形和内力分布。通过比较和分析可知,任何事物都具有两面性,对温度变化、制造误差以及支座沉降敏感的结构中,采用静定结构比超静定结构更为适合。

Statically indeterminate structure with redundant constraints is more stable, and statically determinate structure belongs to the geometric invariant system without redundant constraints. Statically indeterminate structure is widely used in engineering,but this is not to say that the statically indeterminate structure is more reasonable than statically determinate structure in all cases. Take two span continuous beams and two span statically determinate beam as example,we calculate the deformation and internal force distribution of the beam under uniform load,temperature change and bearing settlement respectively. Through comparison and analysis,we can know that everything has two sides,some structures are particularly sensitive to the changes in temperature,errors in manufacture, and settlement of the bearing,which is more suitable for the statically indeterminate structure.