中、美两国政府投资大型体育场馆决策模式的比较

Comparison of Decision Making Model of the Government Investment on Large Stadiums between China and U.S.A

运用文献资料法和逻辑分析方法,对中美两国政府投资大型体育场馆决策模式进行比较。认为美国政府投资决策模式具有注重公众参与,政府、企业、社会团体共同决策,由议会(居民)投票对方案进行最终确认等特征。中国政府投资决策模式具有决策主体和监督主体单一、论证机构独立性弱、投资预算约束性软化、信息发布透明度低、民众参与度低、决策程序无严格法定或有法律规定而未严格执行等特征。总体而言,美国决策模式呈现多中心特征,决策效果良好,未出现大面积场馆供过于求的现象,与此相对,中国决策模式表现出较强的单中心特征,政府在场馆决策中居于统治地位,决策效果较差,场馆供过于求现象严重。展望未来,可以在建立公众参与场馆决策机制,完善法律体系,强化人大在场馆决策中的权威作用,引入民间独立研究机构等方面做出改变,以推进场馆决策的民主化、法治化和科学化。

By using the method of documentary and logical analysis,the paper makes a comparison of decision making model of the government investment on large stadiums between China and U S. A. The author points out that American model has these features：emphasis on public participation,the government,enterprises and social groups sharing decision making,final confirmation by the Council（ residents） to vote on the program. Chinese mode has these features： dicisiong-making and supervision body relatively homogeneous,the weaking of certification authority＇s independence,investment budget constraint softening,low transparency of information release,low public participation,and decision process is not strictly legal or has legal provisions but not strictly enforced. Overall,American mode presents multi center features,makes good efect,doesn,t appear large area of the phenomenon of oversuppty. Chinese model shows the single center features,government dominant in stadiums decision-making,decision-making effect is poor and appears serious oversupply. In the future,in order to promote democratization,rule by law and science in investment decision-making on large stadiums,the government should establishi public participation mechanism in Chinese stadiums decision-making,improve the legal sys-tem,strengthien the authority of National People＇s Congress in the stadiums decision,and introduce non-governmental independent research institutions.