可交易电子路票系统收费方案及价格算法设计

Designing Algorithm on Charging Scheme and Price of Tradable Travel Credits System

可交易电子路票系统是交通需求管理的一种新方式,为缓解城市交通拥堵问题提供了新思路.本文对路票交易体系进行了两个重要的算法设计:路票收费方案的算法设计和路票价格的算法设计.根据用户均衡与系统最优原则之间的差别——边际成本,利用改进的牛顿算法设计每个路段需收取的路票数,并由路票守恒条件确定发行总量;通过外惩罚函数法求解既定路票收费方案下达到用户均衡状态的路票价格.最后将算法应用于算例路网中,说明合理的路票收费方案能有效缓解交通拥堵;比较路票价格与实际用户交易产生价格的差异,分析路票系统对缓解交通拥堵的效果.

The tradable credits system is a new form of the transportation demand management, which provides a way to alleviate the urban traffic congestion problem. In order to solve the tradable credit problem,there were two algorithms proposed in this paper ： one was designed to find the best price of the credit; the other was to solve the best credits charge of each link. According to the marginal cost between the user equilibrium and the system optimum,the credit charge amount of each link can be obtained as well as the total credit amount of the entire network. The extra penalty method was used to transfer the constrained problem to an unconstrained problem which can get the credit price. The conclusion showed that a rational credit charge policy can effectively alleviate the traffic congestion.