后历史时期的生活和艺术——科耶夫的艺术观

Life and Art in the Post-historical Era——On Kojeve's Theory of Art

科耶夫认为,历史的终结意味着哲学的终结和行动的终结,但没有终结的是艺术;后历史时期的人成了艺术动物,或者说,艺术是后历史时期人之人性的本质体现。科耶夫尤以绘画为例,探讨了两种不同类型的绘画艺术:第一类是主观而抽象的艺术,即传统的具象绘画,它相应于哲学-历史时期的思维模式,其中又包括象征主义、现实主义、印象主义和表现主义,这些艺术所带来的艺术享受多少具有"艺术宗教"的特征;第二类则是客观而具体的艺术,康定斯基的绘画尤其是这一艺术的典型,这是一种真正属于后历史时期的艺术形式,它相应于哲学在后历史时期所通达的整全智慧,也体现了后历史时期生活、思想与艺术合一的特征。

According to Kojeve,the end of history means the end of philosophy and action rather than that of art.In the post-historical era,man has become animals of art;in other words,art is the expression of the human nature in the post-historical era.Kojeve explores two different kinds of paintings.The first kind is subject and abstract art,which is a traditional figurative painting.Corresponding to the thinking mode of the period of philosophy and history,it includes symbolism,realism,impressionism and expressionism,all of which share the characteristics of religion of art in enjoyment.The second kind of painting is objective and concrete,which is typically represented by Kandinsky＇s paintings.This is the art form of the post-historical era.Corresponding to wisdom in the post-historical era,it embodies the characteristics of the unity of life,thoughts and arts in the post-historical era.