“青琐”及“青琐窗”的建筑史解析——从汉画像石纹饰说起

The Interpretation of “Qingsuo” and “Qingsuo Windows” With the History of Architecture——Based on the Stone-Carved Picture in the Han Dynasty

汉画像石中有一种被称为"十字穿璧"的图案,以十字线条在圆环内交叉穿过为特征,艺术史学者多在墓葬美术研究的语境下将其解读为"升仙"。而在建筑史的视角下,检索汉代建筑历史文献并与画像石对照,可发现此纹即古之"琐"纹。汉代天子居所之门被称为"青琐门",便是由于门框刻镂此纹并涂青。以后南北朝时期的诗词歌赋中出现"青琐窗"一词并在文学中被广泛使用,其特征与"青琐"纹样无关,而在双层门窗格对合之做法样式。对"青琐"历史的追溯揭示出中国建筑、美术、文学等领域中古词汇的"同名异意"现象。

There is a pattern in the stone-carved picture of the Han dynasty,known as＂crossing jade＂with a cross-line across the central hole.It is interpreted by scholars in tomb art study as the symbol of ＂becoming immortal＂in the context of a funeral.From the perspective of the history of architecture,however,this pattern was found to be ＂suo＂in architectural history literature and stone-carved pictures of the Han dynasty.The gate of the Han dynasty palace is referred to as＂gingsuo gate＂because the gate was decorated with this pattern and painted with the Qingcolor.Later,in the Northern and Southern dynasties,the word＂qingsuo window＂started to appear and be widely used in literature;nevertheless,it has nothing to do with ＂qingsuo＂patterns,but a doublewindow style.The historical traces of ＂qingsuo＂involves the ＂homonym＂of medieval words in Chinese architecture,art,and literature.