基于振幅谱能量误差最小原则的品质因子提取方法研究与应用

Study and application on the Q-factor extraction based on the principle of minimum energy error of amplitude spectrum

品质因子Q是衡量地震波传播过程中能量衰减的重要参数,对含油气储层识别和地震波衰减补偿具有重要意义。谱比法是实际资料处理中最常用的方法之一,但容易受到时窗、频带范围选取等人为因素的影响,使品质因子反演结果存在不稳定性。这里提出基于振幅谱能量误差最小原则的品质因子提取方法,该方法充分利用整个频带范围内振幅谱的信息,通过构建衰减前、后振幅谱能量随Q变化的目标函数估算品质因子,有效地解决了频谱直接相除和频带拟合区间选取等引起的影响。零偏VSP模型测试表明,基于振幅谱能量误差最小原则的品质因子提取方法比谱比法具有更高的精度,并在实际资料应用中取得了较好的效果。

The quality factor Q is an important parameter to measure the energy of seismic wave attenuation,hydrocarbon reservoir identification and the compensation of seismic wave attenuation.Spectral ratio method is one of the most commonly used method in real data processing,but it is also effected by time window,band range selection and other human factors,so that the result of quality factor may be instability.This paper presents a method based on the principle of minimum energy error of amplitude spectrum to estimate Q,this method fully utilize the information of the entire frequency range of the amplitude spectrum,to estimate the quality factor by building objective function of amplitude spectrum energy with Q changes,effectively solve the effective by the spectrum direct division and the band selection and so on.Zero-offset VSP model tests show that the quality factor extraction method based on the principle of minimum energy error of amplitude spectrum has higher precision than the spectral ratio method,and obtained good results in the application of real data.