天宝岩国家级自然保护区4种泥炭沼泽湿地持水特性

Water-holding Capacity of Four Different Types of Sphagnum Wetlands in the Tianbaoyan National Nature Reserve

【目的】探讨天宝岩国家级自然保护区垂穗石松类型、水竹类型、灯芯草类型和泥炭藓类型等4种泥炭沼泽湿地的土壤层持水能力、苔藓层持水能力和吸水速率,为泥炭藓沼泽资源的保护和利用提供一定的理论依据。【方法】采集研究区4种类型泥炭沼泽0-20 cm土壤和苔藓枯落物层带回室内,测定土壤物理性质、持水特性和苔藓枯落物层持水特性等。【结果】4种类型泥炭沼泽土壤容重依次为：垂穗石松类型〉泥炭藓类型〉水竹类型〉灯芯草类型,土壤总孔隙度依次为：水竹类型〉泥炭藓类型〉灯芯草类型〉垂穗石松类型,土壤贮水量依次为：水竹类型〉泥炭藓类型〉垂穗石松类型〉灯芯草类型。4种泥炭沼泽苔藓枯落物层持水量与浸泡时间呈明显的对数函数关系,吸水速率与浸泡时间呈明显的幂函数关系。4种类型泥炭沼泽苔藓枯落物层自然持水量、自然持水率、最大持水量和最大持水率分别为5.5-16.1 t/hm2,31.8%-47.2%,20.1-198.4 t/hm2,330.0%-805.5%。【结论】综合比较4种类型泥炭沼泽的持水性能,泥炭藓类型持水能力较好,能够很好地涵养水源。

[Objective] The aim of the study was to clarify the water-holding capacity of soils and litters of a different Sphagnum wetlands （Palhinhaeacernua, Pllostachys heteroclada, Juncus effuses and Sphagnum magellanicum） in the Tianbaoyan National Nature Resrve in Fujian Province and to provide theoretical basis for protection and utilization of Sphagnum wetlands in the area. [Methods] Four different types of Sphagnum wetlands were used in this study. Soil and litter samples were collected to measure soil chemical properties, water-holding capacity characteristics. [Results] The soil bulk density of the 4 types of Sph%onum wetlands followed an order of P. cernua〉S, magellanicum〉P, heteroclada〉J, effuses. The total porosity of soil was in the order of P. heteroclada〉S, mogellanicum〉J, effuses〉P, cernua. The soil water storage was followed the pattern of P. heteroclada〉S, magellanicum〉P, cernua〉J, effuses. Litter water-holding capacity had a visible logarithmic correlation with immersion time and there existed a significant function relationship between water absorption rate and immersion time. The natural water holding capacity, natural water-holding rate, maxima water-holding capacity, maxima water-holding rate of litter were 5.5-16.1 t/hm2, 31.8%-47.2%,20.1-198.4 t/hm2 and 330.0%-805.5%, respectively.[Conclusion] The comprehensive analysis of water-holding capacity of 4 different types of Sphagnum wetlands indicated that S. magellanicum type has a relatively high water-holding capacity and is more beneficial to water conservation.