近66a中国地区对流层顶温度时空变化特征及其与大气臭氧柱总量关系

Temporal and Spatial Variation Characteristics of Tropopause Temperature over China in Recent 66 Years and Their Relationship with Total Column Ozone

利用NCEP/NCAR提供的1950—2015年对流层顶温度月平均资料及ECWMF提供的1979—2015年大气臭氧柱总量月平均资料,运用经验正交函数分解方法(EOF),对近66 a中国地区上空对流层顶温度的时空演变特征进行分析,并进一步探讨1979年后对流层顶温度与大气臭氧柱总量的关系。结果表明:(1)中国地区对流层顶温度随纬度升高而升高,呈现明显的纬向分布特征,近66 a对流层顶温度以-0.09℃·(10 a)^(-1)的速率下降。(2)春、冬季对流层顶温度EOF1均表现为南北反位相变化,夏、秋季均表现为全场同位相变化,这种春季与冬季、夏季与秋季主要模态较为一致的时空分布特征与大气臭氧柱总量的季节分布有很好的相关性;除夏季外,其余季节对流层顶温度EOF2表现为弱的南北两端与中部地区反位相变化特征。(3)对流层顶温度与大气臭氧柱总量之间呈显著负相关关系,相关系数为-0.724,大气臭氧柱总量由1990年代中期之前的显著损耗转变为之后的逐渐恢复,对应同期对流层顶温度表现为从偏高到偏低的转变。

Based on the monthly mean temperature at the tropopause from NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data from 1950 to 2015 and monthly mean total column ozone of ECWMF from 1979 to 2015, the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of tropopause temperature o-ver China in recent 66 years were studied by using empirical orthogonal function （ EOF） method. Besides, the relationship between to-tal column ozone and tropopause temperature was further discussed. The results are as follows ： （ 1 ） The tropopause temperature in-creased with the increase of latitude over China, the zonal distribution characteristic was obvious. The tropopause temperature presented a downward trend at a rate of 0. 09 ℃（10 a）^- 1 over China in recent 66 years. （2） The first mode of EOF for tropopause tempera-ture presented an opposite spatial pattern over northern and southern China in spring and winter, while that showed a consistent spatial pattern in whole area in summer and autumn. The spatial characteristics of tropopause temperature in four seasons were good correlated with the seasonal distribution of total column ozone. The second mode of EOF presented a weak opposite pattern over the north and south of China and the central in spring, autumn and winter. （3） The total column ozone was significantly negative correlated with the tropopause temperature over China, the correlation coefficient was - 0. 724. The total column ozone was less than the normal before the middle of 1990s, while was more than the normal after the middle of 1990s. On the contrary, the tropopause temperature showed a transition from high to low during the corresponding period from 1979 to 2015.