吉林省鸭绿江右岸良民遗址出土一种特殊状态过火铁器的初步研究

A preliminary study of special cremation ironware state with special shapes unearthed in Liangmin site,Jilin Province

为了了解过火铁器特殊形貌产生的原因和保存的真实状况,采用扫描电镜、体式显微镜、拉曼光谱仪等方法,对吉林省集安良民云峰水库出土的部分过火铁器样品本身和环境进行分析。结果表明这些铁器经火葬高温加热,其基体中的铁已完全转变为赤铁矿而使化学性质变得非常稳定,但质地变硬且脆、机械强度降低。一定程度的高温在改变器物性能的的同时,也制造出黑灰泛蓝的颜色效果。过火器物匀致多孔的微观结构,使器物表面质感干涩。本研究对文物保护中过火铁器的腐蚀与保存、考古学中丧葬习俗研究等具有一定的参考。

In order to learn more about the causes and state of preservation of cremation ironware having special shapes, scanning electron microscopy, stereo microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and a residual chlorine meter were used to analyze archaeological ironware excavated from the Yunfeng reservoir of Liangmin, Jilin Province, and its environment. The results show that the special shapes formed during the fire cremation. The iron in the ironware body turned to hematite and became more stable. However, it also became harder and brittle after heating, and its mechanical strength weakened. The high temperature not only changed the mechanical properties of the ironware, but also added a greyish blue- black color effect to its surface. The uniform porous microstructure made the iron- ware surface dry and rough. This research is valuable for the preservation of re-fired ironware and for the funeral customs study.