云南云龙坡头出土铜斧的科学分析

Scientific analysis of bronze axes unearthed from the Potou underground pit,Yunlong,Yunnan Province

为研究滇西特别是古哀牢地区的古代铜器制作技术,采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜能谱分析等实验方法,对滇西云龙县坡头村出土的11件铜斧进行分析与研究。结果表明:云龙铜斧材质以Cu-Sn二元合金为主,另有Cu-SnAs三元合金。普遍存在硫化物夹杂,铸造与锻造两种制作技术并存,以锻造为主。11件样品中均进行过冷加工。本研究对认识古哀牢地区铜器制作技术与该地区青铜文化有一定的价值。

In 1977, 30 bronze axes were found in Potou ,Yunlong county ,Yunnan province. Archaeologists determined that these ancient bronze axes were temporaryily buried and range in age from the late Warring States Period to the Western Han dynasty. The diversity of bronze axes at Potou has been examined in relation to western Yunnan plateau and the ancient Ailao bronze culture. In order to reveal technical characteristics of the bronze axes, 16 bronze axes were analyzed by metallurgical examination, scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and X- ray Fluores- cence （XRF）. The bronze axes investigated are mostly Cu - Sn binary alloys, but alloys such as Cu - Sn - As were alsofound. Most of the bronze axes were made by hot and cold forging, and the others by casting. All bronze axes analyzed by SEM -EDS occur as copper sulfides and iron -copper sulfides. The preliminary results carry important implications for understanding ancient Ailao metal technology and will make it possible to study ancient Ailao bronze culture.