红山文化萤石质鱼形饰的鉴别和探讨

Identification and study of the fluorite fish-shaped ornament at Hongshan culture

鱼形饰是中国古代玉器的一个重要门类,但史前鱼形饰出土很少。内蒙古巴林右旗那(日)斯台遗址发现了一件红山文化鱼形饰,然而其材质的观点多样且缺乏科学数据的佐证。借助拉曼光谱和X-荧光光谱等便携式仪器对该件鱼形饰进行了无损测试分析,结果显示该件器物系萤石材质。由于这是北方地区唯一一件经科学检测的史前萤石质玉器,进一步结合南方地区出土的史前萤石质玉器,对材质、造型、加工工艺等相关问题进行了探讨。

The fish - shaped jade ornament is an important category in the history of ancient Chinese jades. Prehis- toric fish - shaped ornament jades have seldom been unearthed in China. However, a fish - shaped ornament from the Hongshan culture was found at the Nasitai Site in Bairin Right Banner, Inner Mongolia. The material used to make this object is a matter of debate because there is little scientific data available. Portable Raman spectroscopy and portable X - ray fluorimetry were used to determine the jade composition of the fish - shaped ornament. These studies suggest that the omamentis composed of fluorite. This is the only jade from prehistoric northern China determined by scientific methods to be fluorite. The results in comparison with several reports on fluorite jades unearthed from prehistoric sites in southern China were discussed . The discussion is mainly on the material and the shape and carving techniques.