国族、国族建设与中华现代国家

Nation,Nation Building and Modern China

因现代民族与国家融合而成的民族国家,民族尽显其政治属性的同时,国家也以其民族性为本质内涵。内忧外患背景下开启的中国模仿式的现代民族国家建构,其基本特征是以"中华民族"为国家民族凝聚中国各族民众建立中华现代国家。新式知识阶层组建现代政党组织、动员、整合各族民众的建国过程中,"中华民族主义"以"爱国主义"为核心展开政治整合与社会一体化。作为国族的"中华民族"及其建设既是中华现代国家建立的政治基石,也是中国疆域治理的基础性政治保障。

Nation states, which result from the fusion of the modern nationality and country, take nationality as their essence while exhibiting their political attributes. Established under the circumstance of domestic strife and foreign aggression, China mimicked the structure of modern countries and was characterized by the central role played by the Chinese nation to draw all ethnic groups together. In establishing modern parties and government structures, mobilizing and integrating all ethnic groups, new intellectuals or Chinese nationalists carried out the societal structuring and political integration with patriotism as the core. The Chinese nation, an emblem of the state, was both a political foundation for modern China and also a fundamental political guarantee for China＇s governance of its territory.