资本的秩序与哈耶克认知图式

The Order of Capital in Hayekian Cognition Schema

现代奥地利学派经济学强调资本的异质性和动态特性,并认为主流新古典理论实际上忽略了资本问题。本文将哈耶克的心智理论与拉赫曼的资本秩序理论联系起来,揭示了奥地利学派资本理论的动态特性的主观主义方法论基础。首先,哈耶克心智理论的核心方面:适应分类系统、地图和模式,构成了统一的"哈耶克认知图式"。其次,拉赫曼的资本分析被置于"哈耶克图式"的视角下获得重新表述。在"哈耶克图式"的视角之中,新古典均衡范式的机械、静态和一元化的认知立场局限显露更为充分,而不同的资本理论正是不同认知立场的反映,资本应当被视为一种企业家主观主义的心智建构。

Hayekian Schema, which is composed of adaptive classifying systems, cognitive maps and models, provides a new perspective to explain and clarify the theories of capital in Austrian Economics. The comparison between the orders of capital with the sensory order reveals strong logical analogies and connections in Lachmann's and Hayek's theories. In this point of view, capital resources are heterogeneous, and the order of capital should be regarded as a subjective construction of entrepreneurs who learn and act in a dynamic market process. A cognitive turn from Neo-classical theory to emerging economics compromises with the research of evolution, recognition, and behavior,which could improve the understanding of economic reality furthermore.