陆上丝绸之路传入中国的域外农作物

The Extraterritorial Crops Introduced into China via the Silk Road

古代中国通过丝绸之路与世界各国进行物质和文化等方面的交流绵延千余年,先后有20余种重要的域外农作物借助朝贡、通商和战争等方式在华夏大地上成功引种并得以广泛传播。这些域外农作物以果树和蔬菜为多,粮食作物则较少。传入的时间主要集中在汉、唐两个盛世。外来作物在长安、洛阳等丝路结点中转后再引种中土各地。经由丝绸之路传入的这些域外农作物,丰富了中国的物种资源,促进了种植业、园艺业的发展以及居民食物结构的调整。它们是中华传统农业文明的重要缔造者。

The ancient China had exchanged the material, culture and other respects with the rest of the world through the Silk Road for thousands of years, more than 20 species of important crops were success- fully introduced and widely spread on vast land of China with the help of outside tribute, trade and war. Majority of the extraterritorial crops were fruits and vegetables, and food crops were less. The introducing time mainly concentrated in the two flourishing ages, that is, Han and Tang dynasties. These extraterrito- rial crops transferred in Chang＇ an, Luoyang and other nodes of the Silk Road before introduction around the Central Plains. These extraterritorial crops introduced via the Silk Road enriched the species re- sources of China, and promoted the development of planting, gardening and the adjustment of residents＇ food structure. They were the important founder of the Chinese traditional agricultural civilization.