日本的皇位继承制度与《皇室典范》

Accession System of Japanese Emperor and Imperial Household Act

《皇室典范》是基于宪法制定的天皇皇位继承等有关皇室事务的法律。明治时代出于建立天皇专制主义政权的需要,于1889年颁布的《皇室典范》结束了皇位继承混乱无序的历史,作为与宪法具有同等效力的最高法规,确立了天皇至高无上的地位。第二次世界大战结束后,根据新宪法制定的新《皇室典范》,天皇的地位和性质发生了本质变化,但在皇位继承制度方面依然沿袭了明治《皇室典范》的基本原则。这一战后改革不彻底的后果,束缚了皇室的发展,也是当今日本皇室出现继承危机的根源。

Imperial Household Act is a law based on the constitution which regulates the succession of the Tenno and other affairs of the Imperial Household.This law,published in1889,built up the absolute monarchy order which fulfilled the needs of the Meiji government.As an equivalent to the constitution,this law put an end to the disordered accession system,ensured the supreme position of Tenno.After the World War Ⅱ,the new version of Imperial Household Act was published.As a result,the position and characteristic of Tennno changed totally.However,the accession system of Japanese Emperor still obeyed the basic rule of the Meiji Period＇s Imperial Household Act.This is the result of the incompletely reformation after World War Ⅱ,which limited the development of the Japanese Imperial Household.This Act is also the root of Imperial Household succession crisis.