天皇制立宪主义——传统的发明、断裂与延续

Japan's Mikado System and Constitutionalism——Traditional Establishment,Suspension and Continuation

明治维新过程中,天皇亲政与公议成为新的政治原则,二者集约在明治宪法之中,立宪主义、万世一系政治神学与君民一体政治理想相辅相成,天皇制被"再发明",可称天皇制立宪主义,天皇在集大权于一身的同时,其亲政的主动性也受到限制。如大正期所示,天皇个人意志可能"被无视",天皇制与民众政治亦有深度融合之可能。经过摄政期政治练习的昭和天皇,在有着充分权威自觉的同时,又对宪法表示尊重,但随着政党政治的结束与战争开始,日本走向大政翼赞体制。二战后,日本确立国民主权与象征天皇制,天皇与国民情感间依然有很强连带感。

During the Meiji Reformation,the reign of the Mikado and parliament became the new political principles under the rule of Meiji constitution.The constitutionalism,political theology and the political ideology of the integrity of Mikado and subjects reinforced with each other,thus the Mikado system was reestablished,which was called Mikado System and Constitutionalism.In this system,Mikado held all the powers,which also made it difficult for him to execute them.During the Taisho period,the personal ideas of Mikado could be＂ignored＂,so the Mikado system could integrate with the populace politics.Emperor Hirohito held all authorities while paying respect to the constitution.However,as the rule of political party ended and the war began,the imperial rule assistance system took over Japan.After the World War II,people＇s sovereignty and symbolic Mikado System were confirmed and the bond between Mikado and people became much closer.