武术“拳势”之技理研究

Essence of Skills and Theories of Boxing Forms of Wushu

古代武术家站在兵法思想的高度,运用兵法"势"与"虚实"之理,结合武术技法特点,为拳学作拳势之论,确立了以"势"论拳艺的武术学理要则。研究发现:"拳势"之论的核心,重在论述"势"与"法"之间的辩证关系,攻守藏变之势,虚实应变之道、惊取巧夺之法是较技制胜的重要谋略之策,攻守皆有虚实,惊取之法是实现虚实的途径和方法。拳法、理法博大精密,要在对抗中制胜对手需要具备几个条件,首先攻防技术掌握要求精炼和全面,其次熟练运用攻防技术,再次攻防技术策略运用要恰当。总结归纳前人的武术技击制胜理论,有利于更好地继承与创新武术攻防技击理论,指导武术训练。

In the ancient times, Wushu artists established the theory of boxing forms by applying the form, the false and the truth of the art of war. The essence of the theories and skills of boxing lies in the dialectical relationship between the form and the theory. The changes of forms are hidden in the attack and in the false and the truth. Attacking and winning by surprise is key to success. There are the false and the truth in the attacks and defenses. It is crucial to win by corn manding exquisite skills, by using freely the skills and by adopting appropriate strategies.