经济社会变迁与农民伦理变革:湖北S村农民合作的个案研究

Economic social change and farmers' ethical change:A case study of farmers' cooperation in S-village in Hubei Province

接续韦伯命题所引发的经济社会变迁对于农民伦理的影响的争论,以湖北S村为关键案例,考察在农业经营结构改变的前提下,小农的心理境况经历了怎样的变动,其如何与国家、地方政府、村级治理组织及民众互动,以及在此前提下,农民合作的产生、机制及其担纲者等问题。案例显示,村庄政治能人虽然能以对政治逻辑的熟练把握吸引国家外部资源注入,但是当其将政治逻辑导入村庄内部时,导致了村庄社会团结的瓦解与村庄秩序的紊乱。而浸没在社群伦理之中并且深谙农民合作在市场中重要性的民间精英,则一方面将个体农户带入现代市场,另一方面又能在市场经营过程中自觉维持社群伦理、维护社区利益。S村案例提供了经济社会变迁下农民伦理变革一个解答,也暗示了宏观经济社会变迁对于农民伦理以及伦理秩序、集体意识变动的可能影响。

This paper examines the impact of economic and social changes on peasant ethics. Through the case study of S-village in Hubei rural areas,it is pointed out that when the structure of agricultural management is changed,the psychological situation of farmers has undergone significant changes. This has led to changes in the way farmers interact with local governments and village-level governance organizations. The case shows that although the political elites in the village can attract the external resources of the country by the mastery of the political logic,they lead to the disintegration of the village social unification and the disorder of the village order when the political logic is introduced into the village. On the other hand,the folk elite consciously maintain the community ethic and maintain the community interests in the process of market operation. The S-village case provides a solution to the change of peasant＇ s ethic under the social and economic changes,and also implies the possible influence of macroeconomic and social change on peasant ethic and collective consciousness.