白纹伊蚊在上海城区地面雨水井的孳生状况分析

Breeding status of Aedes albopictus in rain-water catch basins in downtown of Shanghai

目的探索上海城区地面雨水井中积水状况及白纹伊蚊孳生状况,为登革热及寨卡病毒媒介伊蚊防控处置提供基础数据。方法 2015年8月份在上海中心城区黄浦区选取了3个绿地环境和35个不同类型居民区环境,对地面雨水井的蚊虫孳生状况进行了系统的调查和采样分析。结果 564个地面雨水井的积水率为34.22%,蚊虫孳生阳性率达74.09%;随机选取绿地和居民区环境85个阳性孳生点进行采样,蚊虫孳生密度分别达到13.36和11.37只/勺;白纹伊蚊孳生率高,居民区＂白纹伊蚊孳生阳性构成比＂显著高于绿地环境（95.24%vs 77.27%,χ2=6.173,P=0.013）,＂平均白纹伊蚊构成比＂亦显著高于绿地环境（78.98%vs38.82%,χ2=-4.196,P〈0.001）;绿地与居民区环境雨水井白纹伊蚊平均密度分别达到5.98和8.96只/勺。结论上海城区地面雨水井积水明显,白纹伊蚊孳生及侵害现象明显,且居民区为防控重点,需引起相关部门重视,在防治措施上建议物理防治为主,化学防治为辅。

Objective To explore the breeding status of Aedes albopictus in rain-water catch basins of Shanghai downtown,and provide basic data for analyzing the causes and countermeasures. Methods Rain-water catch basins in thirty five residential and three green areas randomly selected in Shanghai Huangpu District were investigated to learn the mosquito larvae breeding situation in August of 2015. Results Of the 564 basins,34. 22% of which had water,and the positive breeding-rate was 74. 09%; of the 85 positive breeding-sites,the average mosquito larvae densities were 13. 36 and 11. 37 pieces per spoon respectively in green areas and residential. Ae. albopictus bred in residential area were more than in green areas. The positive ratio of catching basins and proportions in residential areas were both significantly higher than in green areas（ 95. 24% vs 77. 27%,χ2= 6. 173,P = 0. 013; 78. 98% vs38. 82%,χ2=-4. 196,P 〈 0. 01）,and the average densities of Ae. albopictus in green and residential areas were respectively 5. 98 and 8. 96 pieces per spoon. Conclusion Featured with high density of ground ＂catch basins with water＂and high degree of ground Ae. albopictus breeding rate,environmental management should be strengthened as the ground work of mosquito control in Shanghai downtown.