手术护士长时间站立足底压力和肌肉骨骼受损情况调查

Investigation on Long-term Standing Planter Pressure and the Occupational Musculoskeletal Injuries of Nurses in Operation Room

目的了解手术护士长时间站立足底压力和肌肉骨骼受损情况。方法采用足底压力测试仪测试77名手术护士手术30分钟、60分钟、90分钟、120分钟足底压强,并用自制调查问卷,对其肌肉骨骼受损情况进行调查分析。结果⑴30分钟时前脚掌平均压强47.97±9.13N·cm2与足跟平均压强48.44±8.30N·cm2接近,足中部平均压强最低,120分钟时前脚掌及足中部平均压力百分比明显增大,足跟平均压力压强逐渐减小;⑵手术31-60分钟、61-90分钟两个时间段内出现肌肉骨骼不适感人数较多,比例为28.8%、39.2%;且61-90分钟时段内受试者不适感程度最高,其次为31-60分钟时段;在手术60分钟内,受试人员不适感主要集中在膝踝足底部位;手术进行90分钟以上,不适感部位以腰背髋肌肉骨骼不适感为主。结论手术护士长时间站立前足承担大部分的压力,应注意调节身体重心,调整足底压力分布,以加强对前足的保护。

Objective To analyze the long-term standing planter pressure and the occupational musculoskeletal injuries of operating nurse. Method The planter pressure of 77 nurses from the operation rooms were tested by the footscan system in the 30 min,60min,90 min,120min. Investigated occupational musculoskeletal injuries of operating nurse by self-made questionnaire. Results（1） Forefoot pressure（47.97±9.13 N·cm2） closed to heel pressure（48.44±8.30 N·cm2）at 30 min, foot middle pressure was minimum. The middle of the foot and forefoot pressure percentage increased significantly at 120 min, and heel pressure gradually reduced.（2） The number of people had discomfortableness of muscle and bone during 31-60min、61-90 min,which were 28.8% and 39.2% respectively. And the degree of discomfort was the highest in the period of 61-90 min, and the second was 31-60 min. In the operation of 60 min, the subjects were mainly concentrated in the knee, ankle and foot. The discomfort was mainly in the waist, back and hip muscles at the prolonged operation time（90 min）. Conclusions The front foot was taked most of the pressure after long-term standing. Surgical nurses should pay attention to adjust the body＇s center of gravity and adjust the foot pressure.