多元文化主义背景下加拿大中国大陆移民的社会融入——基于加拿大埃德蒙顿市问卷调查分析

An Overview of the Integration of Immigrants from China's Mainland into the Canadian Multicultural Society——An Analysis Based on a Questionnaire Survey in Edmonton City

作为一个由不同族裔、不同文化背景的公民组成的移民国家,加拿大通过实施多元文化主义政策来保障各种移民文化,帮助不同文化背景的公民融入加拿大社会。加拿大多元文化主义政策对中国大陆移民融入加拿大社会具有两方面的影响,一方面,多元文化主义提供了宽松的环境,有利于中国大陆移民在加拿大继续保持中国式的生活方式,减少了中国大陆移民在陌生文化环境中的不适应性;但另一方面,也正是因为多元文化主义营造的宽松的环境,让中国大陆移民没有融入加拿大社会的压力,许多移居至加拿大的中国大陆移民聚居于唐人街和其他华人社区,和规模庞大的华人群体共同生活,本能地拒绝融入当地社会。随着时间的推移和居住模式的变化,在外在环境的影响下,一些中国大陆移民在加拿大逐渐形成了非"同化"范式的"融合"式社会生活模式,他们在心理层面继续坚守着来源国传统的价值观念,在现实生活层面接受着加拿大本土文化,以此方式适应加拿大的生活。

As a country of immigrants from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds, Canada has taken multicuhural policy to protect a diverse immigrant culture, assisting people with different cultural backgrounds to socialize into the Canadian society. Canada＇s multicuhural policy has impacted Chinese immigrants in Canada in two major aspects. On the one hand, such muhicuhural environment is beneficial for Chinese immigrants in Canada to maintain their Chinese lifestyle and to minimize discomfort in adjusting to an unfamiliar life. On the other hand, it is also because of this comfortable environment that many Chinese immigrants have not integrated into the Canadian society. Without much pressure to integrate, many of them live in China towns or other communities that are exclusively Chinese, instinctively reject the host culture, and continue to stick to the Chinese culture. Under the influence of the external environment, the patterns of social life among Chinese immigrants in Canada have been gradually formed into an ＂un-assimilation＂ model of ＂fusion＂ into societal life. They continue to adhere to the Chinese traditional values on a psychological level, but accepted Canadian local culture on a real life level, and therefore have adapted to the Canadian life by this method.