族际冲突中的受害者心理研究

Victim Mentality in Ethnic Conflicts

受害者心理是受伤害的经历和后果变成受害者性格因素的一种状态。受害者心理多源于受伤害、受迫害的经历,并与社会建构有着一定联系。外在归因心态、自我中心主义心态、过度防卫心态、报复心态和被包围心态是集体受害者心理的主要表现。受害者身份可能给受害者带来收益,这是受害者心理所期待的,由此也导致了"受害者竞赛"的出现。在世界政治舞台上,民族群体的集体受害者心理是民族冲突的重要诱因。因此,走出受害者心理成为必要。本文将以北爱尔兰问题中的受害者心理为典型案例进行分析。

Victim mentality is a state in which harm and consequences of harm that the victim experienced become elements in the victim＇ s personality. This mentality mainly stems from previous experiences of injuries and hurt; and it is partially associated with social construction. External attribution, egocentrism, excessive defense, retaliation mentality and siege mentality are the major manifestations of collective victim mentality. Victimhood can bring gains for the victims, which are just the expectations of such mentality. Thus, competitive victimhood arises around the globe. Collective victim mentality is an important reason for ethnic conflicts in world politics. Therefore, casting off victim mentality becomes imperative. This paper will analyze victims in the Northern Ireland Problem as a typical example of victim mentality.