宋神宗时期陕西钞盐法中的官商互动

Business-Government Interactions of the Chao Yan System in Shanxi During 1068～1085

熙丰年间,陕西钞盐法的盈利模式由以盐盈利转变为以钞盈利,造成盐钞溢额、钞价下跌。受此影响,陕西官府通过加饶、减价卖钞等方式招徕商人,争夺资源;商人也借助虚估复苏和盐钞投机减少损失。朝廷则试图通过扩大官卖和解盐抑配,整顿盐法。尽管地方官府和商人必须遵守朝廷制定的盐法规则,却也在此框架内谋求利益最大化。盐钞溢额策略影响下的陕西盐法,其制度运行的面相十分复杂。

During 1068-1085, the profit pattern of Chao Yan System in Shanxi was changed from profits of salt to profits of salt notes, resulting in extra amount and decline of price of salt notes. Under the impact of extra salt notes, local officials in Shanxi tried to attract merchants by adding extra benefit （Jia Rao） or price-off for supplies, while merchants took advantages of the reappearance of ＂over-valuation＂ and speculation of salt notes. The Court tried to rectify the salt system through the official monopolizing-salt system and hard sales of salt. Although local officials and merchants had to comply with the Court＇s rules of salt, but also maximized their own benefits within this system. Under the influence of extra salt notes, the operation of the Chao Yan System was very complicated.