山西省右玉县封山禁牧后种植业结构优化分析

Analysis of the optimization of planting structure after closing hillsides to prohibit grazing in Youyu county of Shanxi province

山西省右玉县实施封山禁牧政策后,牲畜饲养方式由自由放牧转变为舍饲,合理调整种植业生产结构,对实现农牧结合,增加农民收入具有较强的现实意义。笔者在对山西省右玉县2014年牲畜饲草量供求平衡分析的基础上,兼顾耕地面积、粮油安全、饲草量和营养需求等约束条件下,以农民收入最大化为目标,对封山禁牧后右玉县的种植业结构进行优化分析。结果显示:秸秆可作饲草的农作物种植比例已经严重挤压豆类作物和其他经济作物的种植空间,虽然能够最大限度减轻牲畜饲养成本,但却极大降低和影响了种植业收入和发展前景。因此,在优化种植业结构的基础上,需要推广秸秆舍饲养羊技术,综合开发利用农作物秸秆,提高饲草料和农作物秸秆利用率。

After the implementation of the policy of closing hillsides to prohibit grazing in Youyu county of Shanxi province,feeding manner changes from continuous grazing to barn feeding for domestic animals. Rationally adjusting production structure of planting structure has strong practical significances for achieving the combination of agriculture and animal husbandry and increase farmers＇ income. In order to maximize the income of farmers,this paper makes the optimization analysis of planting structure after closing hillsides to prohibit grazing on the basis of analysis of balance between supply and demand on the amount of forage for domestic animals in Youyu county of Shanxi province,giving consideration to some constraints,including the arable land area,safety of grain and oil,demand of forage and nutritional needs. The result shows that the planting proportion of crop straws that can be used for forage has severely squeezed the planting spaces of legume crops and other economic crops. Although it reduces the feeding cost to a large extend,but also greatly reduces and affects the incomes and developing prospects of planting. Therefore,the technology of sheep barn feeding using straws needs to be promoted so as to comprehensively develop and utilize crop straws and improve the utilization rates of forage grasses and crop straws on the basis of optimization of planting structure.