栀子种质沿革及历代质量评价

Evolution and quality evaluation of Gardenia jasminoides（Zhizi） of successive ages

栀子为常用清热类中药,除药用外还用于食品或工业染色.古代很早便有栀子药用和染用的记载,但历代本草认为二者种质有别.民国以后,为与＂山栀子＂区别,染用栀子称＂水栀子＂.栀子古代产区最早为河南,明代以后南迁,现以江西、福建为道地.历代本草非常注重药用栀子的质量评价,主要依据是外观形态,以及是野生还是栽培.近代以来,栀子按产地、外观性状等要素划分为不同的商品规格等级,在外观形态方面和历代本草一脉相承.对历代本草中栀子的种质、产地、采收和质量评价进行梳理,分析近代以来栀子商品规格等级的划分要素,可为当前栀子商品规格分级研究提供本草学依据.

In addition to its frequently-used antipyretic function, Gardenia jasminoides is also used in food or industrial dyeing. In ancient times, herbalists believed that the quality of Gardenia jasminoides for medical use was different from that for dye due to its different germplasm. Since the 1912, Gardenia jasmi-noides for dye was named ＂Shui （ watery ） Zhizi＂ in order to distinguish it from ＂Shan （ hilly ） Zhizi＂. Henan was the earliest producing area for Gardenia jasminoides in ancient times, then after the Ming Dynas-ty, the producing area migrated to the Southern regions, including Jiangxi and Fujian Provinces. Nowadays, both provinces are the main producing area. The ancient herbal books paid great attention to the quality e-valuation of officinal Gardenia jasminoides, which was mainly based on its appearance and the quality differ-ences between wild and cultivated varieties. Since modern times, Gardenia jasminoides has been divided in-to different commodity specification levels according to the producing area, external properties and other ele-ments, and its external properties are consistent with the ancient records. The germplasm, producing area, harvest and quality evaluation of Gardenia jasminoides in the herbal books of successive ages are sorted out, and the division elements of its commercial specification levels analyzed since modern times, thus providing a basis for present study on the commodity specification levels and the grading of the commercial specificity of Gardenia jasminoides.