天敌昆虫控害作用机制和评价方法研究进展

Research progress on pests controlling mechanism by natural enemies and its evaluation methods

天敌昆虫是自然界生态系统中防控害虫的重要因子。利用天敌昆虫防治害虫是安全、有效的害虫防控策略。在农田生态系统中,天敌昆虫对害虫起着重要的调控作用,因此,充分利用天敌昆虫的控害作用就显得非常重要。本文阐述了天敌昆虫的控害机制,包括天敌昆虫控害作用的化学通讯机制、寄生蜂对寄主免疫的调控和天敌昆虫的间接控害作用三方面,还介绍了定量评价天敌昆虫控害作用的三种方法:罩笼接虫法、稳定同位素法和分子标记技术。

Natural enemies were very important factors in ecosystem. The use of natural enemies was a safe and effective approach for insect pest management. In agricultural ecosystem, natural enemies played an important role in pest manage- ment, therefore it was very important to take full advantage of natural enemies＇ control function. Natural enemies＇ eontrol mechanism, including chemical communication, immune interaction between parasitoid wasps and their hosts, and three methods for quantitative evaluation of controlling effect of natural enemies （enclosure studies, stable isotope analyses and molecular marker techniques） were reviewed in this paper.