导弹气动性能对弹体响应特性影响分析

Analysis of Response Characteristic Influence upon Missile Aerodynamic Performance

防空导弹具有拦截时间有限、反应时间短的特点,响应快速性对于导弹拦截能力至关重要。国内外导弹总体设计的专著中对响应快速性的研究很多,但均未对其影响因素做系统论证,对于布局形式对响应特性影响未有严谨说法,特别是弹体气动非线性对弹体响应快速性的影响还未见纸端。首先建立弹体响应特性的动力学模型,推导了弹体开环响应传函;随后对影响响应特性的参数进行分析,分别研究了导弹静稳定度、气动布局形式、气动非线性对弹体开环响应特性的影响;最后,通过典型算例对分析结果进行数值仿真。通过分析和仿真结果显示,静稳定度是影响弹体开环响应特性的主要因素,静稳定度越大响应快速性越好,气动布局形式并不能有效提高弹体的开环响应快速性,升力线斜率与气动压心的非线性在一定程度上对弹体开环响应特性的提高是有益的。

Air defense missile has the characteristics of short intercept time, low terminal velocity. Therefore, response capability is important to intercepting ability. There are many missile integrated design monographs about the response capability at home and abroad, but there are few systematic arguments about its influence factors. Firstly, the dynamics model about missile body＇ s response characteristic is built, and the transfer function of open-loop response is deduced. Secondly, the parameters that influence characteristics of missile response and the influence caused by static-stable degree, aerodynamics layout, and non-linear aerodynamics are analyzed. Finally,a typical model is used to prove the rightness of the analysis above. Results show that static-stable degree is the main factor to affect the open-loopresponse characteristic and the static-stable degree is higher, the response faster. The layout form doesn＇t raise the response capability. The non-linear characteristic of lift curve gradient and the center of pressure are beneficial to response characteristic to some extent.